Bowling refers to a series of sports or leisure activities in which a player rolls or throws a bowling ball towards a target. It is one of the major forms of throwing sports. In pin bowling variations, the target is usually to knock over pins at the end of a lane.

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When all the pins are knocked down on the first roll, this is a strike. In target variations, the aim is usually to get the ball as close to a mark as possible. The pin version of bowling is often played on a flat wooden or other synthetic surface which can be oiled in different patterns for different techniques[1] while in target bowling, the surface may be grass, gravel or a synthetic surface.

Today the sport of bowling is played by million people in more than 90 countries worldwide including 70 million in the United States[3] and continues to grow through entertainment media such as video games for home consoles and handheld devices. The term bowling in the United States and Canada most frequently refers to ten-pin bowling; in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries it more often refers to lawn bowls.

The earliest known forms of bowling date to ancient Egypt. Other balls made of porcelain have also been found, indicating that these were rolled along the ground rather than thrown due to their size and weight.

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Bowling games of different forms are also noted by Herodotus as an invention of the Lydians in Asia Minor. About 2, years ago, in the Roman Empirea similar game evolved between Roman legionaries entailing the tossing of stone objects as close as possible to other stone objects, which eventually evolved into Italian Bocceor outdoor bowling. About AD, bowling began in Germany as a religious ritual to cleanse oneself from sin by rolling a rock into a club kegel representing the heathen, causing bowlers to be called keglers.

In the oldest known bowling green for target style bowling to survive to modern times was built, Master's Close now the Old Bowling Green of the Southampton Bowling Club in Southampton, England ; it is still in use. In laws were passed in Berlin and Cologne limiting bets on lawn bowling to five shillings.

In the first official mention of bowling in England was made when King Edward III banned it as a distraction to archery practice. In the 15thth centuries lawn bowling spread from Germany into Austria, Switzerland, and the Low Countries, with playing surfaces made of cinders or baked clay.

In lawn bowling lanes in London were first roofed-over, turning bowling into an all-weather game. In a public feast was held in Frankfurt, Germanywith a venison dinner followed by lawn bowling.

In English King Henry VIII was an avid bowler. He banned bowling for the lower classes and imposed a levy for private lanes to limit them to the wealthy.

In he acquired Whitehall Palace in central London as his new residence, having it extensively rebuilt complete with outdoor bowling lanes, indoor tennis court, jousting tiltyard, and cockfighting pit. About Protestant Reformation founder Martin Luther set the number of pins which varied from 3 to 17 at nine, and built a bowling lane next to his home for his children, sometimes rolling a ball himself.

On 19 July English Vice-Admiral Sir Francis Drake allegedly was playing bowls at Plymouth Hoe when the arrival of the Spanish Armada was announced, replying "We have time enough to finish the game and beat the Spaniards too.

In Dutch East India Company explorer Henry Hudson discovered Hudson Baybringing Dutch colonization to New Amsterdam later New York ; Hudson's men brought some form of lawn bowling with them.

In English King James I published Declaration of Sportsbanning bowling on Sundays but permitting dancing and archery for those first attending an Anglican service, outraging Puritans; it was reissued in by his successor Charles Ithen ordered publicly burned in by the Puritan Parliament.

In Bowling Green in New York City was built on the site of a Dutch cattle market and parade ground, becoming the city's oldest public park to survive to modern times. A painting from around shows British bowlers playing a bowling sport outdoors.

It shows a triangular formation of ten pins chronologically before it appeared in the United States. InNew York writer Washington Irving made the first mention of ninepin bowling in American literature in his story Rip Van Winkle.

On 1 JanuaryKnickerbocker Alleys in New York City opened, becoming the first indoor bowling alley. Inthe state of Connecticut banned nine-pin bowling to stop gambling, causing ten-pin bowling to be created to get around the law [5] — some 31 years after the aforementioned British outdoor ten-pin bowling painting was dated.

Inthe oldest surviving bowling lanes in the United States were built as part of Roseland Cottagethe summer estate of Henry Chandler Bowen in Woodstock, Connecticut. The lanes, now part of Historic New England's Roseland Cottage House Museum contain Gothic Revival architectural elements in keeping with the style of the entire estate. Inthe Revolutions of resulted in accelerated German immigration to the U. Inthe Scottish Bowling Association for lawn bowling was founded in Scotland by clubs; it was dissolved then refounded in InGlasgow cotton merchant William Wallace Mitchell —84 published Manual of Bowls Playingwhich became a standard reference for lawn bowling in Scotland.

Inthe National Bowling Association NBA was founded by 27 local clubs in New York City to standardize rules for ten-pin bowling, setting the ball size and the distance between the foul line and the pins, but failing to agree on other rules; it was superseded in by the American Bowling Congress.

InJustin White of Worcester, Massachusetts invented Candlepin Bowling. In the s, Brunswick Corporation founded of Chicago, Illinoismaker of billiard tables began making bowling balls, pins, and wooden lanes to sell to taverns installing bowling alleys. On 9 Septemberthe modern standardized rules for ten-pin bowling were established in New York City by the new American Bowling Congress ABC later the United States Bowling Congresswho changed the scoring system from a maximum points for 20 balls to a maximum points for 10 balls, and set the maximum lyrics for moneymaker weight at 16 lbs.

The first ABC champion was Jimmy Smith Floretta "Doty" McCutcheon defeated Smith in an exhibition match, founding a school that taughtwomen how to bowl. In the ABC merged with the Women's International Bowling Congress WIBC et al. The ABC initially used bowling bowls minecraft dispenser trading system of Lignum vitae hardwood from the Caribbeanwhich were eventually supplanted by the Ebonite rubber bowling ball and the Brunswick Mineralite rubber ball In urethane bowling balls were introduced by Ebonite.

In the early s, Duckpin bowling was invented in Boston, Massachusettsspreading to Baltimore, Maryland about In the English Is it risky to invest in the stock market Association was founded by cricketer W. On 1 January it merged with the English Women's Bowling Association to become Bowls England. Peifer of Chicago, Illinois invented a handicap method for bowling. In Rubber Duckpin optionshouse fees for penny stocks was invented by Willam Wuerthele of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvaniacatching on in Quebec, Canada.

Rules for target bowls evolved separately in each of the other countries that adopted the predominantly British game. In the International Bowling Board was formed; [27] its constitution adopted the laws of the Scottish Bowling Association, with variations allowed at the individual country level.

In September the Victorian Ladies' Bowling Association was founded in Melbourne, Victoria, Australiabecoming the world's first women's lawn bowling association. In the first ten-pin bowling alley in Europe was installed in Sweden, but the game failed to catch on in the rest of Europe until after World War II. Meanwhile, ten-pin bowling caught on in Great Britain after hundreds of bowling lanes were installed on U.

In the monthly Bowlers Journal was founded in Chicago, Illinois, continuing to publish to the present day. In late the Women's International Bowling Congress WIBC originally the Woman's National Bowling Association was founded in Saint Louis, Missourimerging with the United States Bowling Congress in In Prohibition in the U.

On 2 October the annual Petersen Open Bowling Tournament a. The Pete was first held in Chicago, Ill. In it was taken over by Forex trading negatives. In the International Bowling Association IBA was formed by the U. On 21 March the National Bowling Writers Association was founded in Peoria, Illinois by four bowling journalists; in it changed its name to the Bowling Writers Association of America.

On 20 August the National Negro Bowling Association was founded in Detroit, Michigandropping Negro from the title in and opening forex trading holidays 2012 to all races, reaching 30, members in In the Australian Women's Bowling Council was founded, holding the first Australian women's national lawn bowling championship in Sydney inwhich was won by Mrs.

On 18 April the Professional Women Bowling Writers PWBW was founded in Dallas, Texasadmitting men in On 1 January it merged with the Bowling Writers Association of America.

About the Golden Age of Ten-Pin Bowling began, in which professional bowlers made salaries rivaling those of baseball, football, and hockey players; it ended in the late s. In the ABC and WIBC opened membership to blacks. In the first ABC Masters tournament was held, becoming forex bonus tanpa deposit 2014 of the four majors in In the first FIQ World Bowling Championships were held in Helsinki, Finland.

In the International Olympic Committee recognized it as the official world governing body for bowling. In it changed its name to World Bowling. In American Machine and Foundry AMF of Brooklyn, N. In Steve Forex bonus tanpa deposit 2014 became the first person to bowl a perfect game on TV on NBC-TV's "Championship Bowling". In the Professional Bowlers Association PBA was founded in Akron, Ohio by Don CarterDick WeberDick HooverBuzz FazioCarmen SalvinoGlenn Allison et al.

In it was purchased by former executives of Microsoftwho moved the PBA headquarters to Seattle, Washington. On 28 November the first PBA Championship in Memphis, Tennessee was won by Don Carter. In it was renamed the PBA World Championship, awarding the Earl Anthony Trophy to the winner. In the Professional Women's Bowling Association PWBA was founded as the first professional women's bowling association; it went defunct in In the National Bowling League NBL was founded to compete with the PBA, signing name players including Billy Welu and Buzz Faziobut failing to sign top star Don Carterafter which failure to get a TV contract caused it to fold after its first championship in In the PBA Tournament of Champions was founded, sponsored in by Firestone Tire.

In the Forex indicator for binary options comments Wheelchair Bowling Association AWBA was founded in Louisville, Kentucky by Richard F. On 3—10 November the Fifth FIQ World Bowling Championships in Mexico City, Mexico were attended by men and 45 women first time from 19 nations, and featured the debut of Team USA, which won seven of the eight gold medals.

On 25 November Sports Illustrated published the article A Guy Named Smith Is Striking It Richrevealing that PBA stars made more money than other professional sports stars.

In Marion Ladewig9-time winner of the Bowling Writers Association of America Female Bowler of the Year Award became the first Superior Performance inductee into the WIBC Hall of Fame.

In the AMF Bowling World Cup was established by the FIQ. On 27 January the Japan Professional Bowling Association JPBA was founded in Tokyo, Japan. In the U. Open was founded by the PBA.

In National Negro Bowling Association pioneer J. Elmer Reed —83 became the first Rss feeds bse stock market free to be inducted into the ABC Hall of Fame.

On 16 December Willie Willis won the Brunswick National Resident Pro Tournament in Charlotte, North Carolinabecoming the first African-American bowling champion in the PBA in a non-touring event.

In he became the first African-American in the Firestone Tournament of Champions, placing 13th. In the Young American Bowling Alliance was formed from a merger of the American Junior Bowling Congress, the Youth Bowling Association, and the collegiate divisions of the ABC and WIBC. In the Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Australia added women's bowls to the events. On 22 November George Branham III became the first African-American to win a PBA national touring event, the Brunswick Memorial World Open in Chicago, Illinois.

On 18 September the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea featured ten-pin bowling as a demonstration sport. In the first Best Bowler ESPY Award was presented. In the National Bowling Stadium in Reno, Nevada opened, becoming known as the Taj Mahal of Tenpins. On 2 February Jeremy Sonnenfeld bowled the first officially sanctioned series of three straight perfect games at Sun Valley Lanes in Lincoln, Nebraskabecoming known as "Mr.

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In the World Tenpin Masters pin bowling tournament was established. In the Weber Cupnamed after Dick Weber was established as pin bowling's equivalent to golf's Ryder Cupwith Team USA playing Team Europe in a 3-day match. On 31 March Missy Bellinder later Parkin became the first woman member of the PBA.

In the Brunswick Euro Challenge was founded for amateur and pro pin bowling players from Europe, Asia, and the U. On 24 January Kelly Kulick became the first woman to win the PBA Tournament of Champions and the first woman to win a PBA national tour event.

In the PBA League was founded, composed of permanent 5-person teams, with an annual draft. Five main variations are found in North Americavarying especially in New England and parts of Canada:. Another form of bowling is usually played outdoors on a lawn. At outdoor bowling, the players throw a ball, which is sometimes eccentrically weighted, in an attempt to put it closest to a designated point or slot in the bowling arena.

Inbowling lanes were first built in the ground floor of the West Wing of the U. Presidential residence, the White Houseas a birthday gift for then President Harry S. Trumanin the location of the s White House Situation Room. Infriends of then U. Nixonsaid to be an avid bowler, had a new one-lane alley built in an underground space below the building's North Portico. Bowling is the main theme in the JDrama The Golden Bowl. On 28 January the painting Bowling Strike by George Hughes [52] appeared on the cover of the Saturday Evening Post.

In American expressionist painter LeRoy Neiman produced a famous painting of PBA star Earl Anthony 's million dollar strike. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the game. For other uses, see Bowling disambiguation. Laws of the Sport of Bowls. Retrieved 24 January The Game of Bowls Past and Present. A History of the Game of Bowls.

Bowler's Journal magazine, December issue, pg. Retrieved 12 January Jake's Bowling History Blog. Retrieved 30 December Steve Nagy's Game on Championship Bowling". Retrieved 24 January — via YouTube. ORG - Promoting Abilities, not Disability".

Branham Finds Fame--and Fortune--to Be Right Down His Alley". Retrieved 6 April The White House Museum. Archived from the original on 1 July Retrieved 8 December Retrieved 4 May Retrieved 16 July Sports of the World Games program. Italics indicate Invitational Sports at the World Games Acrobatic gymnastics Aerobic gymnastics Artistic roller skating Dancesport Rhythmic gymnastics Trampoline.

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