Interest Rate Parity IPR theory is used to analyze the relationship between at the spot rate and a corresponding forward future rate of currencies.

The Interest Rate Parity Model

The IPR theory states interest rate differentials between two different currencies will be reflected in the premium or discount for the forward exchange rate on the foreign currency if there is no arbitrage - the activity of buying shares or currency in one financial market and selling it at a profit in another. The theory further states size of the forward premium or discount on a foreign currency should be equal to the interest rate differentials between the countries in comparison.

Interest Rate Parity Flowchart. Thus, in the absence of arbitrage , the Return on Investment RoI is same regardless of our choice of investment method. Covered Interest Rate theory states that exchange rate forward premiums discounts offset interest rate differentials between two sovereigns. Under this model Google Inc. This is also called covering because by converting dollars to Euro at the spot, the risk of exchange rate fluctuation is eliminated.

Uncovered Interest Rate theory states that expected appreciation depreciation of a currency is offset by lower higher interest. In the above example of covered interest rate, the other method that Google Inc. Recent empirical research has identified that uncovered interest rate parity does not hold, although violations are not as large as previously thought and seems to be currency rather than time horizon dependent.

In contrast, covered interest rate parity is well established in recent decades amongst the OECD economies for short-term instruments. Any apparent deviations are credited to transaction costs.

If IRP theory holds then arbitrage in not possible. No matter whether an investor invests in domestic country or foreign country, the rate of return will be the same as if an investor invested in the home country when measured in domestic currency. If domestic interest rates are less than foreign interest rates, foreign currency must trade at a forward discount to offset any benefit of higher interest rates in foreign country to prevent arbitrage.

If foreign currency does not trade at a forward discount or if the forward discount is not large enough to offset the interest rate advantage of foreign country, arbitrage opportunity exists for domestic investors. So domestic investors can benefit by investing in the foreign market.

Using Interest Rate Parity To Trade Forex

If domestic interest rates are more than foreign interest rates, foreign currency must trade at a forward premium to offset any benefit of higher interest rates in domestic country to prevent arbitrage. If foreign currency does not trade at a forward premium or if the forward premium is not large enough to offset the interest rate advantage of domestic country, arbitrage opportunity exists for foreign investors.

So foreign investors can benefit by investing in the domestic market. In many cases, countries with higher interest rates often experience it's currency appreciate due to higher demands and higher yields and has nothing to do with risk-less arbitrage.

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Interest Rate Parity

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